Base form, past simple and past participle of every common irregular verb, with a short meaning.
| Base form | Past simple | Past participle | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| abide | abode/abided | abode/abided | to abide, put up with |
| abide | abode | abode | to abide, stay |
| alight | alit/alighted | alit/alighted | to alight, get off |
| arise | arose | arisen | to arise, come about |
| awake | awoke | awoken | to wake up, awake |
| babysit | babysat | babysat | to babysit |
| backlight | backlit | backlit | to backlight |
| backslide | backslid | backslid/backslidden | to backslide, relapse |
| be | was/were | been | to be |
| bear | bore | borne/born | to carry, bear, endure |
| beat | beat | beaten | to beat, hit, strike |
| become | became | become | to become |
| befall | befell | befallen | to befall, happen to |
| beget | begot | begotten | to beget, father |
| begin | began | begun | to begin, start |
| behold | beheld | beheld | to behold, gaze at |
| bend | bent | bent | to bend |
| beset | beset | beset | to beset, harass |
| bestow | bestowed | bestowed | to bestow, grant |
| bet | bet | bet | to bet, wager |
| betray | betrayed | betrayed | to betray |
| beware | bewared | bewared | to beware, watch out |
| bid | bid | bid | to bid, make an offer |
| bind | bound | bound | to bind, tie |
| bite | bit | bitten | to bite |
| blaze | blazed | blazed | to blaze, burn brightly |
| bleed | bled | bled | to bleed |
| bless | blessed/blest | blessed/blest | to bless |
| blow | blew | blown | to blow |
| borrow | borrowed | borrowed | to borrow |
| bow | bowed | bowed | to bow |
| braid | braided | braided | to braid, plait |
| break | broke | broken | to break |
| breed | bred | bred | to breed, raise |
| bring | brought | brought | to bring |
| broadcast | broadcast | broadcast | to broadcast |
| browbeat | browbeat | browbeaten | to browbeat, bully |
| build | built | built | to build |
| burn | burnt/burned | burnt/burned | to burn |
| burst | burst | burst | to burst |
| buy | bought | bought | to buy, purchase |
| bypass | bypassed | bypassed | to bypass |
| cast | cast | cast | to cast, fling, hurl |
| catch | caught | caught | to catch |
| choose | chose | chosen | to choose, pick |
| cleave | cleft/clove | cleft/cloven | to cleave, split |
| cling | clung | clung | to cling, hold on tightly |
| clothe | clad/clothed | clad/clothed | to clothe, dress |
| come | came | come | to come, arrive |
| cost | cost | cost | to cost |
| crave | craved | craved | to crave, long for |
| creep | crept | crept | to creep, crawl |
| crossbreed | crossbred | crossbred | to interbreed, crossbreed |
| crow | crowed/crew | crowed | to crow |
| cut | cut | cut | to cut |
| dare | dared/durst | dared | to dare |
| daydream | daydreamed/daydreamt | daydreamed/daydreamt | to daydream |
| deal | dealt | dealt | to deal with, handle |
| dig | dug | dug | to dig |
| disprove | disproved | disproven/disproved | to disprove, refute |
| dive | dove/dived | dived | to dive |
| do | did | done | to do |
| dowse | dowsed | dowsed | to dowse, douse, put out |
| drag | dragged | dragged | to drag |
| draw | drew | drawn | to draw, pull |
| dream | dreamt/dreamed | dreamt/dreamed | to dream |
| drink | drank | drunk | to drink |
| drive | drove | driven | to drive |
| dwell | dwelt/dwelled | dwelt/dwelled | to dwell, live |
| eat | ate | eaten | to eat |
| engrave | engraved | engraved/engraven | to engrave |
| enwrap | enwrapped | enwrapped | to enwrap, wrap up |
| fall | fell | fallen | to fall, drop |
| feed | fed | fed | to feed |
| feel | felt | felt | to feel |
| fight | fought | fought | to fight |
| find | found | found | to find |
| flee | fled | fled | to flee, run away |
| fling | flung | flung | to fling, throw hard |
| fly | flew | flown | to fly |
| forbear | forbore | forborne | to forbear, refrain |
| forbid | forbade | forbidden | to forbid |
| forecast | forecast | forecast | to forecast, predict |
| forego | forewent | foregone | to forgo, forsake, give up |
| foreknow | foreknew | foreknown | to foreknow |
| foresee | foresaw | foreseen | to foresee |
| foretell | foretold | foretold | to foretell, predict |
| forget | forgot | forgotten | to forget |
| forgive | forgave | forgiven | to forgive |
| forsake | forsook | forsaken | to forgo, forsake, give up |
| forswear | forswore | forsworn | to forswear, renounce |
| freeze | froze | frozen | to freeze |
| gainsay | gainsaid | gainsaid | to gainsay, deny |
| get | got | got/gotten | to get, obtain |
| gild | gilded/gilt | gilded/gilt | to gild |
| gird | girded/girt | girded/girt | to gird, belt on |
| give | gave | given | to give |
| go | went | gone | to go |
| grind | ground | ground | to grind |
| grow | grew | grown | to grow |
| hamstring | hamstrung | hamstrung | to hamstring, cripple |
| handmake | handmade | handmade | to handmake |
| handwrite | handwrote | handwritten | to handwrite |
| hang | hung | hung | to hang |
| have | had | had | to have |
| hear | heard | heard | to hear |
| heave | heaved/hove | heaved/hove | to heave, haul |
| hew | hewed | hewn/hewed | to hew, chop |
| hide | hid | hidden | to hide, conceal |
| hit | hit | hit | to beat, hit, strike |
| hold | held | held | to hold |
| hurt | hurt | hurt | to hurt |
| inbreed | inbred | inbred | to inbreed |
| inlay | inlaid | inlaid | to inlay |
| input | input | input | to input, enter |
| interbreed | interbred | interbred | to interbreed, crossbreed |
| intercut | intercut | intercut | to intercut |
| interweave | interwove | interwoven | to interweave |
| jerry-build | jerry-built | jerry-built | to jerry-build |
| keep | kept | kept | to keep |
| kneel | knelt | knelt | to kneel |
| knit | knit/knitted | knit/knitted | to knit |
| know | knew | known | to know |
| lade | laded | laden | to lade, load |
| landslide | landslid | landslid | to landslide |
| lave | laved | laved | to lave, wash |
| lay | laid | laid | to lay, put, place |
| lead | led | led | to lead |
| lean | leant/leaned | leant/leaned | to lean |
| leap | leapt/leaped | leapt/leaped | to leap, jump |
| learn | learnt/learned | learnt/learned | to learn |
| leave | left | left | to leave |
| lend | lent | lent | to lend |
| let | let | let | to let, allow |
| lie | lay | lain | to lie, lie down |
| light | lit/lighted | lit/lighted | to light |
| lip-read | lip-read | lip-read | to lip-read |
| lose | lost | lost | to lose |
| make | made | made | to make |
| mean | meant | meant | to mean |
| meet | met | met | to meet |
| melt | melted | molten/melted | to melt |
| miscast | miscast | miscast | to miscast |
| mishear | misheard | misheard | to mishear |
| mislay | mislaid | mislaid | to mislay, misplace |
| mislead | misled | misled | to mislead |
| misread | misread | misread | to misread |
| misspell | misspelt/misspelled | misspelt/misspelled | to misspell |
| misspend | misspent | misspent | to misspend, waste |
| mistake | mistook | mistaken | to mistake, get wrong |
| misunderstand | misunderstood | misunderstood | to misunderstand |
| moonlight | moonlighted | moonlighted | to moonlight, work a second job |
| mow | mowed | mown/mowed | to mow |
| offset | offset | offset | to offset, compensate for |
| outbid | outbid | outbid | to outbid |
| outbid | outbid | outbid | to outbid |
| outdo | outdid | outdone | to outdo, surpass |
| outfight | outfought | outfought | to outfight |
| outgrow | outgrew | outgrown | to outgrow |
| outrun | outran | outrun | to outrun |
| outsell | outsold | outsold | to outsell |
| outshine | outshone | outshone | to outshine |
| outspend | outspent | outspent | to outspend |
| outthink | outthought | outthought | to outthink |
| outwit | outwitted | outwitted | to outwit, outsmart |
| overbear | overbore | overborne | to overbear, overwhelm |
| overbuild | overbuilt | overbuilt | to overbuild |
| overcast | overcast | overcast | to overcast, cloud over |
| overcome | overcame | overcome | to overcome, overtake |
| overdo | overdid | overdone | to overdo |
| overdraw | overdrew | overdrawn | to overdraw |
| overeat | overate | overeaten | to overeat |
| overgrow | overgrew | overgrown | to overgrow |
| overhang | overhung | overhung | to overhang, jut out |
| overhear | overheard | overheard | to overhear |
| overlay | overlaid | overlaid | to overlay, cover |
| overlie | overlay | overlain | to overlie, lie on top of |
| overpay | overpaid | overpaid | to overpay |
| override | overrode | overridden | to override, overrule |
| overrun | overran | overrun | to overrun, swarm over |
| oversee | oversaw | overseen | to oversee, supervise |
| oversleep | overslept | overslept | to oversleep |
| overspend | overspent | overspent | to overspend |
| overtake | overtook | overtaken | to overcome, overtake |
| overthrow | overthrew | overthrown | to overthrow |
| overwrite | overwrote | overwritten | to overwrite |
| partake | partook | partaken | to partake, take part in |
| partake | partook | partaken | to partake, take part |
| pay | paid | paid | to pay |
| plead | pled/pleaded | pled/pleaded | to plead, beg |
| plead | pled/pleaded | pled/pleaded | to plead, beg |
| prebuild | prebuilt | prebuilt | to prebuild |
| preset | preset | preset | to preset |
| preshrink | preshrank | preshrunk | to preshrink |
| proofread | proofread | proofread | to proofread |
| prove | proved | proven/proved | to prove |
| put | put | put | to lay, put, place |
| quit | quit | quit | to quit, give up |
| read | read | read | to read |
| rebuild | rebuilt | rebuilt | to rebuild |
| rebuild | rebuilt | rebuilt | to rebuild |
| recast | recast | recast | to recast |
| redo | redid | redone | to redo, remake |
| redraw | redrew | redrawn | to redraw |
| rehear | reheard | reheard | to rehear |
| relay | relaid | relaid | to reset, relay |
| remake | remade | remade | to redo, remake |
| rend | rent | rent | to rend, tear apart |
| repay | repaid | repaid | to repay |
| repay | repaid | repaid | to repay, pay back |
| rerun | reran | rerun | to rerun |
| resell | resold | resold | to resell |
| reset | reset | reset | to reset, relay |
| resit | resat | resat | to resit |
| retake | retook | retaken | to retake, recapture |
| retell | retold | retold | to retell |
| rethink | rethought | rethought | to rethink |
| retread | retrod | retrodden | to retread |
| rewind | rewound | rewound | to rewind |
| rewrite | rewrote | rewritten | to rewrite |
| rewrite | rewrote | rewritten | to rewrite |
| rid | rid | rid | to rid, get rid of |
| ride | rode | ridden | to ride |
| ring | rang | rung | to ring |
| rise | rose | risen | to rise |
| roughcast | roughcast | roughcast | to roughcast |
| run | ran | run | to run |
| sand-cast | sand-cast | sand-cast | to sand-cast |
| saw | sawed | sawn/sawed | to saw |
| say | said | said | to say, speak |
| see | saw | seen | to see |
| seek | sought | sought | to seek, look for |
| sell | sold | sold | to sell |
| send | sent | sent | to send |
| set | set | set | to set |
| sew | sewed | sewn/sewed | to sew |
| shake | shook | shaken | to shake |
| shear | sheared | shorn/sheared | to shear |
| shed | shed | shed | to shed, drop |
| shine | shone | shone | to shine |
| shoot | shot | shot | to shoot |
| show | showed | shown | to show |
| shrink | shrank | shrunk | to shrink |
| shrivel | shriveled | shriveled | to shrivel, wither |
| shut | shut | shut | to shut, close |
| sing | sang | sung | to sing |
| sink | sank | sunk | to sink |
| sit | sat | sat | to sit |
| slay | slew | slain | to slay, kill |
| sleep | slept | slept | to sleep |
| slide | slid | slid | to slide |
| sling | slung | slung | to cast, fling, hurl |
| sling | slung | slung | to throw |
| slit | slit | slit | to slit |
| smell | smelt/smelled | smelt/smelled | to smell |
| smite | smote | smitten | to smite, strike hard |
| sneak | snuck/sneaked | snuck/sneaked | to sneak |
| sneak | snuck/sneaked | snuck/sneaked | to sneak |
| sow | sowed | sown/sowed | to sow |
| sow | sowed | sown/sowed | to sow |
| speak | spoke | spoken | to say, speak |
| speed | sped | sped | to speed |
| spell | spelt/spelled | spelt/spelled | to spell |
| spend | spent | spent | to spend |
| spill | spilt/spilled | spilt/spilled | to spill |
| spin | spun | spun | to spin |
| spit | spat | spat | to spit |
| split | split | split | to split |
| spoil | spoilt/spoiled | spoilt/spoiled | to spoil |
| spoon-feed | spoon-fed | spoon-fed | to spoon-feed |
| spotlight | spotlighted/spotlit | spotlighted/spotlit | to spotlight |
| spread | spread | spread | to spread |
| spring | sprang | sprung | to spring, leap |
| stand | stood | stood | to stand |
| stave | staved/stove | staved/stove | to stave off, ward off |
| steal | stole | stolen | to steal |
| stick | stuck | stuck | to stick |
| sting | stung | stung | to sting |
| stink | stank | stunk | to stink |
| strew | strewed | strewn/strewed | to strew, scatter |
| stride | strode | stridden | to stride |
| strike | struck | struck/stricken | to strike |
| string | strung | strung | to string |
| strive | strove | striven | to strive |
| sublet | sublet | sublet | to sublet |
| sunburn | sunburned/sunburnt | sunburned/sunburnt | to sunburn |
| swear | swore | sworn | to swear |
| sweep | swept | swept | to sweep |
| swell | swelled | swollen/swelled | to swell |
| swim | swam | swum | to swim |
| swing | swung | swung | to swing |
| take | took | taken | to take |
| teach | taught | taught | to teach |
| tear | tore | torn | to tear |
| tell | told | told | to tell |
| test-drive | test-drove | test-driven | to test-drive |
| think | thought | thought | to think |
| thrive | thrived/throve | thrived/thriven | to thrive, flourish |
| throw | threw | thrown | to throw |
| thrust | thrust | thrust | to thrust, shove |
| tread | trod | trodden/trod | to tread, step on |
| troubleshoot | troubleshot | troubleshot | to troubleshoot |
| typecast | typecast | typecast | to typecast |
| typeset | typeset | typeset | to typeset |
| unbend | unbent | unbent | to unbend, straighten |
| unbind | unbound | unbound | to unbind, untie |
| undercut | undercut | undercut | to undercut, undersell |
| undergo | underwent | undergone | to undergo |
| underlie | underlay | underlain | to underlie |
| underpay | underpaid | underpaid | to underpay |
| undersell | undersold | undersold | to undercut, undersell |
| understand | understood | understood | to understand |
| undertake | undertook | undertaken | to undertake, take on |
| underwrite | underwrote | underwritten | to underwrite |
| undo | undid | undone | to undo |
| unfreeze | unfroze | unfrozen | to unfreeze, thaw |
| unstick | unstuck | unstuck | to unstick |
| unwind | unwound | unwound | to unwind |
| uphold | upheld | upheld | to uphold, support |
| upset | upset | upset | to upset |
| wake | woke | woken | to wake up, awake |
| waylay | waylaid | waylaid | to waylay, ambush |
| wear | wore | worn | to wear |
| weave | wove | woven | to weave |
| wed | wed/wedded | wed/wedded | to wed, marry |
| weep | wept | wept | to weep, cry |
| win | won | won | to win |
| wind | wound | wound | to wind, coil |
| withdraw | withdrew | withdrawn | to withdraw |
| withhold | withheld | withheld | to withhold |
| withstand | withstood | withstood | to withstand, endure |
| wreak | wreaked | wreaked | to wreak, inflict |
| wring | wrung | wrung | to wring, twist |
| write | wrote | written | to write |
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