Korean grammar · TOPIK 1

Negation (안 / -지 않다 / 못): Korean Grammar with Examples

Everything you need to use negation (안 / -지 않다 / 못) correctly: the patterns, when to use them, examples with audio, common mistakes and exercises with answers.

Quick answer

Korean has three main ways of forming a negative: (1) 안 before the verb or adjective (the short negative, a matter of will), (2) -지 않다 attached to the stem (the long negative, more formal), and (3) 못 before the verb (cannot, for lack of ability). Key patterns: 안 goes immediately before the verb or adjective; Stem + 지 않아요; 못 goes before the verb, for what you cannot do.

Patterns

FormStructureExample
Short negative with 안안 + V/A
안 goes immediately before the verb or adjective
저는 커피를 안 마셔요.
I do not drink coffee.
With 하다 verbs: 공부 안 해요, NOT 안 공부해요
Long negative -지 않다V/A stem + 지 않아요
Stem + 지 않아요
저는 커피를 마시지 않아요.
I do not drink coffee.
It means the same as 안 + verb but is more formal, and commoner in writing
Inability with 못못 + V
못 goes before the verb, for what you cannot do
저는 수영을 못 해요.
I cannot swim.
With 하다 verbs: 수영 못 해요, NOT 못 수영해요
Long inability -지 못하다V stem + 지 못해요
Stem + 지 못해요
오늘은 가지 못해요.
I cannot go today.

How to use Negation (안 / -지 않다 / 못)

1. Choosing not to do it

안 is choosing not to do it

저는 술을 안 마셔요.
I do not drink alcohol - by choice.

2. Not being able to do it

못 is being unable to, whether through lack of ability or circumstances

저는 한국어를 못 해요.
I cannot speak Korean.

3. Negating adjectives

Adjectives normally take 안 or -지 않다

오늘 날씨가 안 좋아요.
The weather is not nice today.

Key words

안 (not - a matter of will)못 (cannot - a matter of ability)지 않다 (not)지 못하다 (cannot)아니다 (not to be)

Tips and common mistakes

Negation (안 / -지 않다 / 못): exercises with answers

Pick the right option, then open the answer to check it.

1. Add the negative with 안 (choosing not to): 저는 고수를 ___ 먹어요.

Options: 못 · 안 · 않 · 지

Show answer

안. 안 + verb is choosing not to: 저는 고수를 안 먹어요 means 'I do not eat coriander' - by preference.

2. Fill in the negative of ability (못): 저는 운전을 ___ 해요.

Options: 못 · 안 · 않 · 지

Show answer

못. 못 means 'cannot': 저는 운전을 못 해요 is 'I cannot drive' - I never learned.

3. Choose the correct sentence, using the long negative: 'I do not eat meat.'

Options: 저는 고기를 먹않아요. · 저는 고기를 먹지 안아요. · 저는 고기를 먹지 않아요. · 저는 고기를 먹지 않어요.

Show answer

저는 고기를 먹지 않아요.. The long negative is stem + 지 않아요: 먹지 않아요 means 'do not eat', the long form of 안 먹어요.

4. Choose the correct sentence using 안 with a 하다 verb: 'I am not studying today.'

Options: 오늘 공부 안 해요. · 오늘 공부하지요. · 오늘 못 공부해요. · 오늘 안 공부해요.

Show answer

오늘 공부 안 해요.. With 하다 verbs it is noun + 안 + 해요; 안 never goes before the noun. The right form is 공부 안 해요.

5. Choose the sentence that means: 'I cannot come today' - it is beyond my control

Options: 오늘 못 오아요. · 오늘 못 와요. · 오늘 안 와요. · 오늘 오지 않아요.

Show answer

오늘 못 와요.. 못 오다 is 'cannot come', 안 오다 is 'chooses not to come'. The question is about inability, so 못.

6. Fill in the missing part of the long negative: 저는 술을 마시___ 않아요.

Options: 고 · 안 · 어 · 지

Show answer

지. The long negative is verb stem + 지 않다. 마시지 않아요 means "do not drink". The sentence means "I do not drink alcohol."

7. Fill in the long "could not" negative: 감기 때문에 학교에 가지 ___.

Options: 못았어요 · 못했어요 · 안했어요 · 않했어요

Show answer

못했어요. The long form of inability is verb + 지 못하다: 가지 못했어요. The long form of 안 is 지 않다, never 지 안하다. The sentence means "I could not go to school because of a cold."

8. Fill in the negative with a noun + 하다 verb: 주말에는 일을 ___ 해요.

Options: 아니 · 안 · 않 · 지

Show answer

안. With noun + 하다, 안 goes right before 하다: 일을 안 해요. 않 only appears in 지 않다. The sentence means "I do not work on weekends."

9. Fill in the correct negative of 알다 (to know): 저는 그 사람 이름을 ___.

Options: 몰라요 · 못 알아요 · 안 알아요 · 알지 않아요

Show answer

몰라요. The negative of 알다 is the separate verb 모르다, giving 몰라요. Koreans do not say 안 알아요 or 못 알아요. The sentence means "I do not know that person's name."

10. Fill in the long negative in the past tense: 어제는 비가 오지 ___.

Options: 안았어요 · 않아었어요 · 않았어요 · 않었어요

Show answer

않았어요. 않다: the vowel ㅏ takes 았어요, giving 않았어요 (spelled with ㄶ). The sentence means "It did not rain yesterday."

11. Fill in the right negative with an adjective: 이 가방은 ___ 비싸요. 사고 싶어요.

Options: 못 · 안 · 않 · 지

Show answer

안. Adjectives are negated with 안 (or 지 않다), never with 못. 안 비싸요 means "is not expensive". The sentences mean "This bag is not expensive. I want to buy it."

12. Choose the correct sentence: 'I do not watch TV.' (long negative)

Options: 저는 텔레비전을 보 않아요. · 저는 텔레비전을 보지 안아요. · 저는 텔레비전을 보지 않아요. · 저는 텔레비전을 보지 않어요.

Show answer

저는 텔레비전을 보지 않아요.. Long negative: stem + 지 않아요 (않 is spelled with ㄶ and takes 아요 because of the vowel ㅏ). The sentence means "I do not watch TV."

13. Choose the correct sentence: 'I could not sleep last night.'

Options: 어젯밤에 못 잠을 잤어요. · 어젯밤에 잠을 못 자었어요. · 어젯밤에 잠을 못 잤어요. · 어젯밤에 잠을 안 못 잤어요.

Show answer

어젯밤에 잠을 못 잤어요.. 못 goes directly before the verb: 잠을 못 잤어요. 자다 + 았어요 gives 잤어요. 안 and 못 are never used together. The sentence means "I could not sleep last night."

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