Korean grammar · TOPIK 1

To have / not have, to exist / not exist (있다/없다): Korean Grammar with Examples

Everything you need to use to have / not have, to exist / not exist correctly: the patterns, when to use them, examples with audio, common mistakes and exercises with answers.

Quick answer

있다 expresses existence or possession ('to have', 'to be somewhere'), and 없다 is its negative ('not to have', 'not to be there'). The polite forms are 있어요/없어요. When speaking about someone you respect, use 계시다/계세요. Key patterns: Subject + have / not have; Thing or person + place + is or is not there; Use 계세요 instead of 있어요 for someone senior to you.

Patterns

FormStructureExample
Existence and possessionN이/가 + 있어요 / 없어요
Subject + have / not have
저는 한국 친구가 있어요.
I have a Korean friend.
LocationN이/가 + 장소 + 에 + 있어요/없어요
Thing or person + place + is or is not there
책이 책상 위에 있어요.
The book is on the desk.
Honorific (for someone you respect)N이/가 + 장소 + 에 + 계세요
Use 계세요 instead of 있어요 for someone senior to you
선생님이 교실에 계세요.
The teacher is in the classroom.

How to use To have / not have, to exist / not exist

1. Talking about what you have

있다 means to have; 없다 means not to have

저는 차가 없어요.
I do not have a car.

2. Asking where something is

어디에 있어요? means 'Where is it?'

화장실이 어디에 있어요?
Where is the toilet?

3. Saying that something exists

Use 이/가 있다 to say that a person or thing exists

교실에 학생이 있어요.
There are students in the classroom.

Key words

있어요 (to have, to exist)없어요 (not to have)있습니다 (formal)계세요 (honorific - to be, to be present)있어 (casual)없어 (casual)

Tips and common mistakes

To have / not have, to exist / not exist: exercises with answers

Pick the right option, then open the answer to check it.

1. Fill in the correct verb: 저는 돈이 ___.

Options: 아니에요 · 없어요 · 없입니다 · 있어요

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없어요. 없어요 means 'do not have': 저는 돈이 없어요 is 'I have no money.'

2. Fill in the correct verb (asking where something is): 우체국이 어디에 ___?

Options: 계세요 · 없어요 · 이에요 · 있어요

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있어요. 있어요 is what you use to ask where something is: 우체국이 어디에 있어요? means 'Where is the post office?'

3. Choose the sentence that means: 'The teacher is in the office.'

Options: 선생님이 사무실에 계세요. · 선생님이 사무실에 없어요. · 선생님이 사무실에 이에요. · 선생님이 사무실에 있으세요.

Show answer

선생님이 사무실에 계세요.. 계세요 is the honorific of 있다 in the sense of "being somewhere", used for someone you respect, such as a teacher. 있으세요 is only for "having" something.

4. Fill in the correct verb: 저는 한국어 책이 ___.

Options: 없어요 · 이에요 · 있어요 · 있입니다

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있어요. 있어요 means 'have': 저는 한국어 책이 있어요 is 'I have a Korean book.'

5. Choose the sentence that means: 'My phone is in my bag.'

Options: 제 휴대폰이 가방 안에 없어요. · 제 휴대폰이 가방 안에 이에요. · 제 휴대폰이 가방 안에 있어요. · 제 휴대폰이 가방 안이에요.

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제 휴대폰이 가방 안에 있어요.. Noun + 에 있어요 says where something is: 제 휴대폰이 가방 안에 있어요 means 'My phone is in my bag.'

6. Fill in the correct verb: 오늘은 수업이 ___. 그래서 집에서 쉬어요.

Options: 아니에요 · 안 있어요 · 없어요 · 있어요

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없어요. Since the speaker rests at home, there is no class today, so 없어요. The negative of 있다 is 없다; 안 있어요 is not used. The sentences mean "There is no class today. So I am resting at home."

7. Fill in the right particle: 저는 동생___ 있어요.

Options: 를 · 에 · 을 · 이

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이. With 있다/없다 the thing you have takes the subject particle 이/가, never 을/를. 동생 ends in a consonant, so 이. 저는 동생이 있어요 means "I have a younger sibling."

8. Fill in the honorific form of 있다 (to be somewhere): 할머니께서 방에 ___.

Options: 계세요 · 계시요 · 있세요 · 있으세요

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계세요. When an elder is somewhere, the honorific of 있다 is 계시다, giving 계세요. 있으세요 is only for "to have". The sentence means "Grandmother is in her room."

9. Fill in the correct verb: 내일 시간이 ___? 같이 영화 봐요.

Options: 계세요 · 이에요 · 있어요 · 있이요

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있어요. To ask whether someone has time: 시간이 있어요? 계세요 is only for respected people, never for 시간. The sentences mean "Do you have time tomorrow? Let's watch a movie together."

10. Fill in the right ending to complete 재미있다: 이 영화는 정말 재미___. 또 보고 싶어요.

Options: 없어요 · 이에요 · 있어요 · 있이요

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있어요. The speaker wants to watch it again, so the film is fun: 재미있어요 (재미 + 있다, written as one word). The sentences mean "This movie is really fun. I want to see it again."

11. Fill in the correct verb: 저는 차가 ___. 그래서 버스를 타요.

Options: 아니에요 · 안 있어요 · 없어요 · 있어요

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없어요. The speaker takes the bus because they have no car, so 없어요. 아니에요 means "is not", not "do not have". The sentences mean "I do not have a car. So I take the bus."

12. Choose the correct sentence: 'There are 20 students in the classroom.'

Options: 교실에 학생을 스무 명 있어요. · 교실에 학생이 스무 명 있어요. · 교실에 학생이 스무 명 있이요. · 교실에서 학생이 스무 명 있어요.

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교실에 학생이 스무 명 있어요.. Place + 에 + noun 이/가 있어요. 있다 takes 에, not 에서, and what exists takes 이/가, not 을. The sentence means "There are twenty students in the classroom."

13. Choose the correct sentence: 'My grandfather is not at home today.'

Options: 오늘 할아버지께서 집에 계시 않아요. · 오늘 할아버지께서 집에 안 계세요. · 오늘 할아버지께서 집에 안 있으세요. · 오늘 할아버지께서 집에 없으세요.

Show answer

오늘 할아버지께서 집에 안 계세요.. When an elder is not somewhere, use 안 계시다, giving 안 계세요. 없으세요 is only for "not having" something. The sentence means "Grandfather is not at home today."

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